Body Systems and Disease Flashcards
Grade 10 · Health · Flashcards
Essential terms covering major body systems, common diseases, and the mechanisms of illness and recovery.
Flashcards
- Homeostasis
- The dynamic process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment (e.g., temperature, pH, blood glucose) despite external changes.
- Cardiovascular Disease
- A class of diseases involving the heart and blood vessels, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and coronary artery disease.
- Atherosclerosis
- Buildup of cholesterol-rich plaques in arterial walls, narrowing vessels and increasing risk of heart attack and stroke.
- Hypertension
- Persistently elevated blood pressure (above 130/80 mmHg), a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke.
- Type 1 Diabetes
- An autoimmune condition where the immune system destroys beta cells in the pancreas, halting insulin production.
- Type 2 Diabetes
- A metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency, strongly associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle.
- Autoimmune Disease
- A condition in which the immune system erroneously attacks the body's own healthy cells (e.g., MS, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, Type 1 diabetes).
- Cancer
- A disease of uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations in genes governing the cell cycle (oncogenes, tumor suppressors).
- Metastasis
- The spread of cancer cells from the original tumor to other parts of the body via the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
- Asthma
- A chronic respiratory disease involving airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction, triggered by allergens, exercise, or irritants.
- COPD
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; irreversible airflow obstruction caused primarily by smoking, resulting in chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
- Immune Response
- The body's coordinated defense against pathogens, involving white blood cells, antibodies, and inflammatory mediators.
- Pathogen
- Any microorganism (virus, bacterium, fungus, parasite) capable of causing disease in a host organism.
- Inflammation
- A protective immune response to injury or infection; chronic inflammation contributes to diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.
- Insulin
- A pancreatic hormone that allows cells to absorb glucose from the bloodstream for energy; deficient or ineffective in diabetes.
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