Body Systems and Disease Quiz

Grade 10 · Health · Quiz

Challenge your knowledge of how diseases disrupt major body systems and the mechanisms behind common conditions.

Questions

1. Which of the following best describes the role of tumor suppressor genes?

   1. They promote rapid cell division
   2. They regulate and inhibit uncontrolled cell growth
   3. They activate immune responses to cancer cells
   4. They produce hormones that regulate metabolism
   Show answer

   Answer: They regulate and inhibit uncontrolled cell growth

   Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that regulate the cell cycle, repair DNA, or trigger apoptosis (programmed cell death). Mutations that inactivate these genes allow uncontrolled proliferation.

2. In atherosclerosis, which substance primarily accumulates in arterial walls to form plaques?

   1. Glucose
   2. Uric acid
   3. Cholesterol and lipids
   4. Calcium phosphate only
   Show answer

   Answer: Cholesterol and lipids

   Arterial plaques are composed primarily of cholesterol, fats, cellular debris, and calcium. LDL cholesterol is particularly implicated in plaque formation.

3. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is classified as an autoimmune disease because it involves:

   1. Viral infection of motor neurons
   2. The immune system attacking myelin sheaths around nerve fibers
   3. Bacterial infection in cerebrospinal fluid
   4. Genetic deletion of dopamine-producing cells
   Show answer

   Answer: The immune system attacking myelin sheaths around nerve fibers

   In MS, the immune system attacks the myelin sheaths insulating nerve fibers, disrupting electrical signal transmission and causing a range of neurological symptoms.

4. Which long-term complication is associated with poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes?

   1. Increased bone density
   2. Kidney failure (diabetic nephropathy)
   3. Elevated immune response
   4. Reduced cardiovascular risk
   Show answer

   Answer: Kidney failure (diabetic nephropathy)

   Chronically elevated blood glucose in Type 2 diabetes damages blood vessels and nerves, leading to nephropathy (kidney disease), neuropathy (nerve damage), and retinopathy (eye damage).

5. Which system works directly with the respiratory system to deliver oxygenated blood to body tissues?

   1. Digestive system
   2. Lymphatic system
   3. Cardiovascular system
   4. Skeletal system
   Show answer

   Answer: Cardiovascular system

   The cardiovascular system transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to all body tissues and returns deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange.

6. Asthma primarily affects the body by:

   1. Blocking oxygen uptake in red blood cells
   2. Causing chronic airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction
   3. Destroying alveoli in the lungs permanently
   4. Reducing platelet production in bone marrow
   Show answer

   Answer: Causing chronic airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction

   Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and episodic bronchoconstriction (narrowing of airways), leading to difficulty breathing, wheezing, and coughing.

7. The endocrine system communicates using electrical impulses, while the nervous system uses chemical hormones.

   Show answer

   Answer: False

   This is reversed. The nervous system uses electrical impulses and neurotransmitters; the endocrine system uses chemical messengers (hormones) carried through the bloodstream.

8. A disease in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissues is called a(n) ________ disease.

   Show answer

   Answer: autoimmune

   Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system fails to distinguish self from non-self, attacking healthy tissues. Examples include Type 1 diabetes, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis.

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