Statistics and Data Analysis Flashcards

Grade 10 · Math · Flashcards

Essential statistics vocabulary and formulas for Grade 10.

Flashcards

Mean: Arithmetic average: sum of all values ÷ number of values
Median: Middle value of sorted data; average the two middle values if n is even
Mode: Most frequent value; dataset can be bimodal or have no mode
Range: Maximum - minimum; simplest measure of spread
Quartiles: Q1 (25th percentile), Q2 (median/50th), Q3 (75th percentile)
IQR (Interquartile Range): Q3 - Q1; range of the middle 50% of data; robust to outliers
Outlier rule: Below Q1 - 1.5·IQR or above Q3 + 1.5·IQR
Standard deviation: Average distance of values from the mean; larger = more spread out
Five-number summary: Minimum, Q1, Median, Q3, Maximum — displayed in a box plot
Box plot: Graph showing five-number summary; box = Q1 to Q3, line = median, whiskers extend to min/max
Histogram: Bar graph showing frequency distribution; bars touch (no gaps)
Skewed right distribution: Long tail to the right; mean > median; most data clustered on the left
Skewed left distribution: Long tail to the left; mean < median; most data clustered on the right
Correlation coefficient r: -1 ≤ r ≤ 1; direction: negative=downtrend, positive=uptrend; magnitude: close to ±1 is strong
Scatterplot: Graph of ordered pairs (x,y); reveals relationship/correlation between two variables