Chemical Bonding Flashcards

Grade 10 · Science · Flashcards

Master key terms and concepts for ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding.

Flashcards

Ionic bond: Electrostatic attraction between a cation and anion formed by electron transfer from metal to nonmetal.
Covalent bond: Chemical bond formed by two atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons.
Metallic bond: Bond in metals where valence electrons are delocalized in an 'electron sea' around metal cations.
Cation: Positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons (metals typically form cations).
Anion: Negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons (nonmetals typically form anions).
Octet rule: Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve 8 valence electrons, like noble gases.
Lewis dot structure: Diagram using dots to represent valence electrons around an element's symbol.
Polar covalent bond: A covalent bond with unequal electron sharing due to electronegativity differences; creates partial charges.
Nonpolar covalent bond: A covalent bond with equal electron sharing, typically between identical atoms (e.g., H₂, N₂).
Crystal lattice: The ordered 3D arrangement of ions in an ionic solid; responsible for high melting points.
Electronegativity: An atom's pull on shared electrons; the larger the difference between bonded atoms, the more polar the bond.
Bond polarity: The unequal distribution of electron density in a covalent bond, creating partial positive and negative ends.