Organic Chemistry Introduction Flashcards
Grade 10 · Science · Flashcards
Essential vocabulary for organic chemistry including hydrocarbon types, functional groups, and naming conventions.
Flashcards
- Organic chemistry
- Branch of chemistry studying carbon-containing compounds (except CO, CO₂, carbonates, and carbides)
- Alkane
- CₙH₂ₙ₊₂; saturated; single bonds only; -ane suffix; e.g., methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane
- Alkene
- CₙH₂ₙ; unsaturated; at least one C=C double bond; -ene suffix; e.g., ethene (ethylene), propene
- Alkyne
- CₙH₂ₙ₋₂; unsaturated; at least one C≡C triple bond; -yne suffix; e.g., ethyne (acetylene)
- Aromatic compound
- Contains benzene ring (C₆H₆) with delocalized π electrons; unusually stable due to resonance
- Alcohol (-OH)
- Hydroxyl functional group; -ol suffix; e.g., methanol (CH₃OH), ethanol (C₂H₅OH)
- Carboxylic acid (-COOH)
- Acidic functional group; -oic acid suffix; e.g., ethanoic acid (acetic acid, CH₃COOH)
- Aldehyde (-CHO)
- Carbonyl group at the end of a chain; -al suffix; e.g., methanal (formaldehyde), ethanal (acetaldehyde)
- Ketone (C=O interior)
- Carbonyl group between two carbons; -one suffix; e.g., propanone (acetone)
- Ester (-COO-)
- Formed from acid + alcohol; -oate suffix; fruity odors; used in perfumes and flavors
- Amine (-NH₂)
- Amino functional group; basic character; found in amino acids and DNA bases
- Structural isomers
- Same molecular formula, different connectivity; e.g., n-butane and isobutane both C₄H₁₀
- IUPAC nomenclature
- Systematic naming: find longest chain (parent), number to give substituents lowest locants, name substituents as prefixes
- Substitution reaction
- An atom/group replaces another in a molecule; common in alkanes reacting with halogens
Get a personalized course on Organic Chemistry Introduction built around your child.