Stoichiometry and the Mole Concept Flashcards
Grade 10 · Science · Flashcards
Key terms, formulas, and concepts for mastering stoichiometry and mole calculations.
Flashcards
- 1 mole
- 6.022 × 10²³ representative particles of a substance (atoms, molecules, or formula units)
- Molar mass
- Mass (in grams) of one mole of a substance; numerically equal to the atomic/molecular mass in amu
- Conversion: mass to moles
- n = m / M (divide grams by molar mass to get moles)
- Conversion: moles to particles
- N = n × 6.022 × 10²³ (multiply moles by Avogadro's number)
- Balanced chemical equation
- An equation where the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides; required for stoichiometry
- Stoichiometric coefficients
- The numbers in front of chemical formulas in a balanced equation; represent mole ratios
- Limiting reactant
- The reactant that runs out first; determines the theoretical yield of the reaction
- Excess reactant
- The reactant that remains after the limiting reactant is fully consumed
- Theoretical yield
- Maximum amount of product predicted by stoichiometry from the limiting reactant
- Actual yield
- The amount of product actually obtained in an experiment (always ≤ theoretical yield)
- Percent yield
- (Actual yield ÷ Theoretical yield) × 100%; measures reaction efficiency
- Empirical formula
- Simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound (e.g., CH₂O for glucose)
- Molecular formula
- Actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule; always a whole-number multiple of empirical formula
- Mole-to-mole ratio
- The ratio of coefficients from the balanced equation used to convert between moles of different substances
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