The Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Grade 10 · Social Studies · Flashcards
12 key terms for mastering the Industrial Revolution in Grade 10 Social Studies.
Flashcards
- James Watt
- Scottish engineer whose improvements to the steam engine (1769) made it the driving force of the Industrial Revolution.
- Spinning Jenny
- Multi-spindle spinning machine invented by James Hargreaves (1764) that dramatically increased thread production.
- Urbanization
- Mass movement of people from rural areas to cities in search of factory employment during the industrial era.
- Labor Union
- Organized group of workers bargaining collectively for better wages, hours, and workplace safety.
- Laissez-faire Economics
- Policy of minimal government interference in economic affairs, allowing markets to self-regulate.
- Karl Marx
- Author of The Communist Manifesto (1848); argued capitalism exploited workers and predicted inevitable revolution.
- Luddites
- Early 19th-century workers who destroyed industrial machinery, fearing it would eliminate their skilled trades.
- Factory System
- Centralized production model using machines and wage labor, replacing home-based cottage industries.
- Proletariat
- Marxist term for the industrial working class who own no means of production and must sell their labor.
- Enclosure Movement
- British practice of fencing off common farmland as private property, displacing rural workers and feeding urbanization.
- Steam Locomotive
- Steam-powered railway engine that revolutionized transportation of people and goods across industrializing nations.
- Second Industrial Revolution
- Phase from ~1870–1914 characterized by steel, electricity, chemicals, and the rise of U.S. and German industry.
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