International Human Rights Flashcards
Grade 10 · Social Studies · Flashcards
12 essential terms for understanding international human rights law, institutions, and ongoing challenges.
Flashcards
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
- 30-article UN declaration proclaiming fundamental rights for all people; foundation of international human rights law.
- Human Rights
- Rights inherent to all humans regardless of nationality, race, gender, or religion; based on dignity and equality.
- International Criminal Court (ICC)
- Permanent tribunal (est. 2002) prosecuting individuals for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
- Genocide
- Deliberate, systematic destruction of a racial, ethnic, or religious group; criminalized under the 1948 Genocide Convention.
- Refugee Convention (1951)
- Treaty defining refugee status and establishing the principle of non-refoulement (no forced return to danger).
- Non-refoulement
- Core refugee law principle: no person may be returned to a country where they face persecution or torture.
- Crimes Against Humanity
- Widespread or systematic attacks on civilians: murder, enslavement, torture, persecution; prosecutable internationally.
- Amnesty International
- International NGO (est. 1961) documenting human rights violations and advocating for political prisoners.
- Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
- International doctrine (2005) stating the world community has a responsibility to protect civilians when their government fails to.
- Civil and Political Rights
- Rights protecting individuals from government abuse: freedom of speech, religion, fair trial, voting.
- Economic, Social, Cultural Rights
- Rights to adequate living standards: healthcare, education, housing, work. Recognized alongside civil/political rights.
- Eleanor Roosevelt
- Former U.S. First Lady who chaired the UN Human Rights Commission and led drafting of the UDHR (1948).
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