Advanced Spanish Grammar Flashcards
Grade 10 · Spanish · Flashcards
Essential cards for mastering advanced Spanish grammar including subjunctive triggers, tense formation, and key distinctions.
Flashcards
- Subjunctive mood (subjuntivo)
- Used to express doubt, wishes, emotions, impersonal expressions, recommendations, and hypothetical situations.
- Present subjunctive formation
- Yo-form present indicative → drop -o → add opposite endings (-e for -AR, -a for -ER/-IR). Irregular yo forms carry over.
- Imperfect subjunctive formation
- Ellos preterite → drop -ron → add -ra or -se endings. E.g., hablaron → hablara / hablase.
- WEIRDO triggers
- Wishes, Emotions, Impersonal expressions, Recommendations, Doubt/Denial, Ojalá — all require subjunctive in dependent clause.
- Conditional tense
- Expresses what would happen; formed with infinitive + -ía/-ías/-ía/-íamos/-ían endings (irregular stems: poder→podr-, tener→tendr-).
- Si clauses — type 1 (real)
- Si + present indicative → future indicative. E.g., 'Si estudias, aprenderás.' (If you study, you will learn.)
- Si clauses — type 2 (hypothetical)
- Si + imperfect subjunctive → conditional. E.g., 'Si tuviera dinero, viajaría.' (If I had money, I would travel.)
- Ser — uses
- Identity, origin (de + place), profession, material/composition, time/date, permanent characteristics, passive voice with ser.
- Estar — uses
- Temporary states, location, feelings/emotions, progressive tenses (estar + -ndo), results of actions.
- Por — uses
- Cause/reason, duration of time, exchange, means of communication/transport, on behalf of, gratitude.
- Para — uses
- Purpose/goal, destination, deadline, recipient, comparison ('para ser...' = for/considering being...).
- Reflexive verbs
- Subject acts upon itself; uses me/te/se/nos/os/se. E.g., levantarse, ducharse, vestirse.
- Present perfect (indicative)
- He/has/ha/hemos/han + past participle (-ado/-ido). Describes recently completed or relevant past actions.
- Sequence of tenses rule
- Past/conditional main verb → imperfect subjunctive in dependent clause. Present/future main verb → present subjunctive.
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