Physics Formulas and Units Flashcards
Grade 11 · Science · Flashcards
Key physics formulas and their SI units covering mechanics, energy, waves, electricity, and thermodynamics.
Flashcards
- Newton's Second Law
- F = ma; force in Newtons (N) equals mass in kg times acceleration in m/s^2. Net force causes acceleration.
- Work
- W = F times d times cos(theta); measured in Joules (J). Only the force component along displacement does work.
- Kinetic Energy
- KE = one-half m v^2; measured in Joules (J). Depends on mass (kg) and velocity squared.
- Gravitational Potential Energy
- PE = mgh; measured in Joules (J). Depends on mass, g (9.8 m/s^2), and height above reference level.
- Power
- P = W/t = Fv; measured in Watts (W = J/s). Rate of doing work or transferring energy.
- Momentum
- p = mv; measured in kg times m/s. Vector quantity; conserved in isolated systems.
- Impulse
- J = F delta t = delta p; measured in N times s or kg times m/s. Change in momentum equals impulse.
- Hooke's Law
- F = -kx; spring force in Newtons is proportional to displacement in meters. k is the spring constant in N/m.
- Coulomb's Law
- F = k q_1 q_2 divided by r^2; electrostatic force between charges separated by distance r. k approximately 9 times 10^9 N m^2/C^2.
- Ohm's Law
- V = IR; voltage in Volts equals current in Amperes times resistance in Ohms. Applies to ohmic conductors.
- Wave Speed
- v = f lambda; speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) times wavelength (m). Constant for a given medium.
- Universal Gravitation
- F = G m_1 m_2 divided by r^2; G approximately 6.67 times 10^-11 N m^2/kg^2. Attractive force between any two masses.
- Ideal Gas Law
- PV = nRT; pressure times volume equals moles times R (8.314 J/mol K) times temperature in Kelvin.
- Density
- rho = m/V; measured in kg/m^3 or g/cm^3. Mass per unit volume of a substance.
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