Social Movements: Feminist, Labor, and Environmental Flashcards

Grade 11 · Social Studies · Flashcards

Key figures, legislation, events, and concepts from the feminist, labor, and environmental movements in the United States.

Flashcards

Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

First women's rights convention in the U.S.; produced the Declaration of Sentiments demanding equal rights for women, including the right to vote.

Equal Pay Act (1963)

First federal law addressing wage discrimination by sex; required equal pay for equal work regardless of gender, though enforcement gaps persisted.

Gloria Steinem

Feminist journalist and activist who co-founded Ms. Magazine (1972); leading voice of second-wave feminism and advocate for abortion rights and workplace equality.

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911)

Fire killed 146 garment workers (mostly immigrant women) because exits were locked; galvanized the labor movement and led to sweeping factory safety laws.

CIO (Congress of Industrial Organizations)

Labor federation founded 1935 that organized industrial workers (auto, steel) regardless of skill level; merged with the AFL in 1955 to form the AFL-CIO.

DDT Ban (1972)

The EPA banned DDT in the U.S. following evidence of its destructive effects on wildlife documented by Rachel Carson; allowed bald eagle and other bird populations to recover.

Endangered Species Act (1973)

Law requiring federal protection for species at risk of extinction; prohibits actions that harm listed species or their habitat; protected over 1,600 species.

NOW (National Organization for Women)

Major feminist organization founded 1966; advocated for the ERA, reproductive rights, workplace equality, and ending violence against women.

Three Mile Island (1979)

Partial nuclear meltdown at a Pennsylvania power plant; no direct deaths but intensified fears about nuclear power and slowed the U.S. nuclear energy program.

LGBTQ+ Rights as Social Movement

The Stonewall Riots (1969) catalyzed the modern LGBTQ+ rights movement; achieved marriage equality with Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) after decades of activism.

Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)

Established federal minimum wage, overtime pay, and child labor restrictions; one of the most significant labor reforms of the New Deal era.

Climate Change and Environmental Policy

The Paris Agreement (2015) committed nearly 200 nations to limiting global warming; the U.S. withdrew under Trump (2017) and rejoined under Biden (2021), reflecting partisan divisions over climate policy.

MeToo Movement

2017 social movement against sexual harassment and assault, amplified by allegations against Harvey Weinstein; led to accountability for powerful figures across industries.

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