Advanced Spanish Conversation Flashcards
Grade 12 · Spanish · Flashcards
Essential vocabulary, discourse markers, idioms, and pragmatic concepts for C1-level Spanish fluency and college-prep conversational mastery.
Flashcards
- El subjuntivo
- Subjunctive mood — required after doubt (no creo que), desire (quiero que), emotion (me alegra que), and concession (aunque + unknown); distinguishes C1 from B2.
- Sin embargo
- However — high-frequency contrastive discourse marker connecting opposing ideas in formal speech and writing.
- No obstante
- Nevertheless — a more formal alternative to 'sin embargo'; favored in academic and legal writing.
- Por consiguiente
- Therefore / Consequently — introduces a logical result or conclusion from what preceded.
- Cabe destacar que
- 'It is worth highlighting that' — formal academic phrase for foregrounding a key point.
- En efecto
- 'Indeed / In fact' — used to confirm or reinforce a claim just made; more formal than 'sí' or 'claro'.
- Register (registro)
- Level of formality in language; advanced speakers shift seamlessly from formal (discrepo) to neutral (no estoy de acuerdo) to informal (para nada).
- Code-Switching
- Alternating between languages or registers mid-conversation; a systematic, rule-governed competence in bilingual communities.
- Collocation
- Natural word pairings: tomar una decisión, hacerse cargo de, dar a entender — learned in chunks, not assembled from grammar rules.
- Meter la pata
- To put your foot in it — commit an embarrassing social blunder; universal informal register.
- No hay mal que por bien no venga
- Every cloud has a silver lining — reframes misfortune positively; common in everyday and formal speech alike.
- Más vale tarde que nunca
- Better late than never — accepts delayed but completed action; used in both professional and personal contexts.
- Pragmatic competence
- Knowing not just what to say but how, when, and how emphatically — the ultimate marker of native-like fluency in any language.
- Discourse marker
- Words or phrases organizing speech and signaling logical relationships: contrast (sin embargo), addition (además), result (por tanto), clarification (es decir).
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