Gravity and Forces Flashcards
Grade 5 · Science · Flashcards
Build your mastery of forces, gravity, mass, weight, and Newton's laws with these essential study cards.
Flashcards
- Force
- A push or pull on an object. Forces have both magnitude (size) and direction. Measured in Newtons (N).
- Gravity
- An attractive force between any two objects with mass. On Earth, it accelerates objects downward at 9.8 m/s².
- Mass
- The amount of matter in an object. Measured in kilograms (kg). Mass is constant regardless of location.
- Weight
- The force of gravity acting on an object's mass. Measured in Newtons. Weight changes with gravitational field strength.
- Friction
- A contact force that opposes the motion of objects; always acts opposite to the direction of movement.
- Air Resistance
- A type of friction between a moving object and air molecules; increases with speed and surface area.
- Normal Force
- The force a surface exerts perpendicular to an object resting on it, balancing gravity and preventing sinking.
- Balanced Forces
- When all forces on an object add up to zero (net force = 0); the object stays still or moves at constant velocity.
- Unbalanced Forces
- When the net force on an object is NOT zero; causes the object to accelerate (change speed or direction).
- Newton's First Law
- An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force (law of inertia).
- Terminal Velocity
- The constant speed reached when air resistance equals gravitational force; the net force and acceleration become zero.
- Tension
- A pulling force transmitted through a rope, cable, or string; acts along the length of the rope.
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