Properties of Matter Flashcards
Grade 5 · Science · Flashcards
Review the physical and chemical properties of matter, states of matter, and key formulas.
Flashcards
- Matter
- Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume). Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms.
- Physical Property
- A property observed or measured without changing the substance. Examples: color, mass, volume, density, melting point, solubility, hardness.
- Chemical Property
- A property observed only when a substance reacts chemically. Examples: flammability, reactivity with acid, ability to rust.
- Density
- Mass per unit volume. Formula: D = M ÷ V. Units: g/cm³ or g/mL. A brick of lead is denser than a same-sized block of wood.
- Solid
- State of matter with definite shape and volume. Particles are tightly packed and vibrate in fixed positions.
- Liquid
- State of matter with definite volume but no fixed shape. Particles are close but move freely, so liquids flow.
- Gas
- State of matter with no fixed shape or volume. Particles are far apart and move rapidly in all directions.
- Melting
- Change of state from solid to liquid when heat is added. Example: ice melting at 0°C.
- Evaporation
- Change of state from liquid to gas at the surface of a liquid. Example: puddles drying in the sun.
- Condensation (physical)
- Change of state from gas to liquid when cooled. Example: water droplets forming on a cold glass.
- Solubility
- How well a substance dissolves in a solvent (usually water). Salt is highly soluble in water; sand is not.
- Hardness
- A physical property measuring how resistant a surface is to scratching. Diamond is the hardest natural material.
- Malleability
- Physical property; ability to be hammered flat without shattering. Most metals are malleable; ceramics are not.
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