Cells and Cell Division Flashcards
Grade 7 · Science · Flashcards
Key terms and concepts for cells, organelles, and mitosis.
Flashcards
- Cell theory
- The scientific theory stating all living things are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from existing cells.
- Prokaryote
- An organism whose cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus (e.g., bacteria).
- Eukaryote
- An organism whose cells have a true membrane-bound nucleus (e.g., plants, animals, fungi).
- Nucleus
- Organelle that contains DNA and directs all cell activities.
- Mitochondria
- Organelle that produces ATP energy through cellular respiration; the 'powerhouse of the cell.'
- Cell membrane
- Selectively permeable barrier surrounding all cells that controls what enters and exits.
- Cell wall
- Rigid outer layer found in plant cells (and bacteria) that provides structure and support.
- Chloroplast
- Organelle in plant cells that captures sunlight and performs photosynthesis.
- Mitosis
- Type of cell division producing two identical daughter cells for growth and repair.
- Meiosis
- Type of cell division that produces four genetically unique cells, each with half the chromosomes; used in sexual reproduction.
- Chromosome
- Tightly coiled structure of DNA and protein that carries genes.
- DNA replication
- Process of copying all DNA before cell division so each daughter cell gets a complete genome.
- Cytokinesis
- Division of the cytoplasm that completes cell division after mitosis.
- Ribosome
- Organelle that builds proteins according to instructions from DNA.
- Vacuole
- Storage organelle; large central vacuole in plant cells maintains turgor pressure.
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