Human Body Systems Flashcards

Grade 7 · Science · Flashcards

Key vocabulary for the major organ systems of the human body.

Flashcards

Organ system: Group of organs working together to perform a major body function.
Digestive system: System that breaks down food into absorbable nutrients via mechanical and chemical processes.
Circulatory system: Heart, blood, and blood vessels that transport materials throughout the body.
Respiratory system: Lungs, trachea, and diaphragm that bring in O₂ and expel CO₂.
Skeletal system: 206 bones that provide structure, protect organs, and support movement.
Muscular system: Over 600 muscles that produce all body movements.
Nervous system: Brain, spinal cord, and nerves that control and coordinate body functions.
Endocrine system: Glands that produce hormones to regulate metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
Heart: Muscular pump of the circulatory system; contracts ~100,000 times daily.
Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in lungs where O₂ enters blood and CO₂ leaves blood.
Artery: Thick-walled vessel carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Vein: Vessel returning deoxygenated blood to the heart; has valves to prevent backflow.
Capillary: Microscopic vessel one cell thick; site of nutrient and gas exchange with tissues.
Small intestine: About 20-foot long organ where most nutrient absorption occurs via villi.
Neuron: Nerve cell that transmits electrical signals throughout the nervous system.