Asian Empires: Ottoman and Mughal Flashcards

Grade 7 · Social Studies · Flashcards

Key rulers, events, terms, and achievements of the Ottoman and Mughal empires.

Flashcards

Ottoman Empire: Islamic empire (1299–1922) at its height controlling southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa; founded by Osman I.
Osman I: Founder of the Ottoman Empire around 1299; united Turkish tribal leaders in Anatolia.
Mehmed II (the Conqueror): Ottoman sultan who conquered Constantinople in 1453, ending the Byzantine Empire and renaming the city Istanbul.
Suleiman the Magnificent: Greatest Ottoman sultan (1520–1566), who expanded the empire to its peak and created comprehensive law codes.
janissaries: Elite Ottoman infantry soldiers, many recruited as boys from Christian families through the devshirme system.
Mughal Empire: Islamic empire that ruled most of the Indian subcontinent from 1526 to 1857, founded by Babur.
Babur: Central Asian conqueror who founded the Mughal Empire after defeating the Delhi Sultanate at Panipat in 1526.
Akbar the Great: Mughal emperor (1556–1605) celebrated for religious tolerance, efficient administration, and artistic patronage.
Jahangir: Mughal emperor and son of Akbar known for his love of the arts, especially painting, and for his memoirs.
Shah Jahan: Mughal emperor who built the Taj Mahal and the Red Fort; his reign is considered the cultural high point of Mughal art.
Taj Mahal: Magnificent white marble mausoleum in Agra, India, built by Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz Mahal (completed c. 1653).
Aurangzeb: Last powerful Mughal emperor (1658–1707) whose strict policies and military overextension contributed to the empire's decline.
devshirme: Ottoman system of recruiting boys from Christian families to be trained as soldiers (janissaries) or administrators.
Topkapi Palace: The main administrative and residential palace of the Ottoman sultans in Istanbul from the 15th to the 19th century.

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