Nutrition and Fitness Planning Flashcards

Grade 8 · Health · Flashcards

Essential vocabulary and concepts for nutrition science and physical fitness planning.

Flashcards

Macronutrients

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats — nutrients needed in large amounts that provide energy and building blocks for the body.

Micronutrients

Vitamins and minerals needed in small amounts; essential for immune function, bone health, and metabolism.

Calorie

A unit of energy; the amount of energy provided by food that the body uses for all its functions.

Fiber

A type of carbohydrate the body cannot digest; promotes digestive health and helps you feel full.

MyPlate

USDA dietary guide dividing a plate into fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, and dairy to show recommended proportions.

Aerobic exercise

Sustained exercise that raises heart and breathing rates; improves cardiovascular health (e.g., jogging, cycling, dancing).

Anaerobic exercise

Short bursts of intense activity using stored energy; builds strength and muscle (e.g., sprinting, weightlifting).

SMART goals

Goal-setting framework: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound.

Metabolic rate

The speed at which the body converts food into energy; influenced by age, sex, muscle mass, and activity level.

Hydration

Maintaining proper fluid balance; critical for temperature regulation, joint lubrication, and nutrient transport.

Protein

Macronutrient that builds and repairs tissues, makes enzymes and hormones; found in meat, dairy, legumes, and nuts.

Whole grains

Unrefined grains that retain all three kernel parts; richer in fiber, vitamins, and minerals than white/refined grains.

Saturated fats

Fats solid at room temperature, mostly from animal products; linked to increased LDL cholesterol when consumed in excess.

Cardiovascular fitness

The ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to deliver oxygen to muscles during sustained physical activity.

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