Electricity and Magnetism Flashcards
Grade 8 · Science · Flashcards
Key terms and concepts for understanding electricity, magnetism, and their interconnected forces.
Flashcards
- Electric charge
- A fundamental property of matter; can be positive or negative. Like charges repel and opposite charges attract.
- Voltage (V)
- The electric potential difference between two points; it drives current through a circuit, measured in volts.
- Current (I)
- The rate of flow of electric charge through a conductor, measured in amperes (A).
- Resistance (R)
- The opposition to the flow of electric current in a conductor, measured in ohms (Ω).
- Ohm's Law
- V = I × R; voltage equals current multiplied by resistance.
- Series circuit
- A circuit with only one path for current; if one component fails, the entire circuit stops working.
- Parallel circuit
- A circuit with multiple paths for current; components operate independently of each other.
- Magnetic pole
- Either of two regions on a magnet where the magnetic force is strongest; called north and south poles.
- Electromagnetic induction
- The generation of electric current in a conductor by moving it through a magnetic field or by a changing magnetic field.
- Electric motor
- A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical (rotational) energy using magnetic forces.
- Generator
- A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through electromagnetic induction.
- Electromagnet
- A temporary magnet created by passing electric current through a coil of wire around an iron core.
- Magnetic field
- The invisible region surrounding a magnet or current-carrying wire where magnetic forces act.
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