Immigration and Urbanization Flashcards
Grade 8 · Social Studies · Flashcards
Key vocabulary for understanding the great wave of immigration and urban growth in America from 1880 to 1920.
Flashcards
- Ellis Island
- Federal immigration station in New York Harbor; processed over 12 million immigrants from 1892 to 1954.
- Angel Island
- West Coast immigration station in San Francisco Bay; processed Asian immigrants, who often faced harsh interrogations.
- Tenement
- Overcrowded, poorly maintained urban apartment buildings where poor immigrants lived in cramped, unsanitary conditions.
- Urbanization
- The shift of population from rural areas to cities; by 1920, more Americans lived in cities than on farms.
- Ethnic Enclave
- Neighborhood settled by a specific immigrant group where they could maintain their culture, language, and traditions.
- Jacob Riis
- Photographer/journalist who exposed NYC slum conditions in 'How the Other Half Lives' (1890), sparking housing reform.
- Push Factors
- Conditions in home countries (poverty, persecution, famine) that drive people to emigrate.
- Pull Factors
- Attractions in a destination country (jobs, land, freedom) that draw immigrants in.
- Nativism
- Anti-immigrant prejudice held by native-born Americans who feared immigrants would threaten American culture and jobs.
- Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
- U.S. law that banned Chinese laborers from immigrating, reflecting nativist hostility toward Asian immigrants.
- Settlement House
- Community center in poor urban neighborhoods offering services to immigrants; Jane Addams' Hull House in Chicago is the most famous.
- Jane Addams
- Social reformer who co-founded Hull House in Chicago in 1889, providing education and services to immigrant communities.
- New Immigration
- Term for the wave of immigrants arriving 1880–1920, mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe, distinct from earlier Northern European immigration.
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