State and Local Government Flashcards

Grade 8 · Social Studies · Flashcards

Key terms and concepts for understanding state and local government in the United States.

Flashcards

10th Amendment: Reserves all powers not given to the federal government to the states and the people — basis of state authority
Governor: Elected chief executive of a state — can sign or veto legislation, command National Guard, appoint officials
State Legislature: State's lawmaking body — bicameral in 49 states (state senate + state house of representatives)
Municipality: A city, town, or village with its own elected local government
County: The most common subdivision below the state level — handles courts, property records, and sheriff services
Special District: Local government created for one purpose — school districts, water districts, transit authorities, fire districts
School District: Special district that operates public schools, has its own elected board, and levies property taxes
Property Tax: Tax on the value of real estate — the primary funding source for local governments and public schools
City Council: Elected legislative body of a city — makes local laws and approves the city budget
Mayor: Elected executive of a city government — leads city administration and enforces local laws
Federalism: Division of government power between federal, state, and local levels
Initiative: Process allowing citizens to put proposed laws directly on the ballot for a public vote