Research Methodology Flashcards
Grade 9 · English · Flashcards
Essential concepts for conducting academic research, evaluating sources, and maintaining integrity in scholarly writing.
Flashcards
- Research question
- A specific, focused question that defines the scope and direction of a research project.
- CRAAP test
- Source evaluation: Currency (how recent?), Relevance (fits topic?), Authority (qualified author?), Accuracy (evidence-based?), Purpose (why written?).
- Primary source
- Original firsthand evidence: original documents, speeches, literary texts, interviews, or original research data.
- Secondary source
- A source that analyzes, interprets, or summarizes primary sources: textbooks, critical essays, biographies.
- Peer-reviewed
- Evaluated by experts in the field before publication; the standard for credible academic and scientific sources.
- Plagiarism
- Presenting another's words, ideas, or work as your own without citation; a serious violation of academic integrity.
- Direct quotation
- The author's exact words enclosed in quotation marks with an in-text citation; used when the original wording matters.
- Paraphrase
- Restating an idea in your own words and sentence structure; still requires a citation.
- Summary
- A concise condensation of a source's main points; still requires a citation.
- MLA format
- Modern Language Association citation style; used in English classes; uses in-text parenthetical citations and a Works Cited page.
- Works Cited page
- The bibliography page in MLA format that lists full source information for every source cited in the paper.
- Bias in sources
- A source's tendency to present information favorably toward a particular viewpoint; always consider the author's or publisher's potential biases.
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