Biology Lab Terminology
Grade 9 · Science · Flashcards
Master the essential vocabulary for conducting and interpreting biology laboratory experiments.
Flashcards
- Hypothesis
- A testable, falsifiable prediction that explains an observation, stated as an if-then statement.
- Independent Variable
- The variable the experimenter deliberately changes; the cause being tested.
- Dependent Variable
- The variable that is measured in response to the independent variable; the effect.
- Control Group
- The group in an experiment that does not receive the experimental treatment; used as a baseline for comparison.
- Controlled Variables
- All other factors kept constant throughout an experiment to ensure fair testing.
- Microscope (Compound)
- A lab instrument using multiple lenses to magnify specimens; total magnification = eyepiece × objective lens.
- Specimen
- A sample or example of biological material prepared for observation or analysis.
- Staining
- Using chemical dyes (e.g., iodine, methylene blue) to make cell structures more visible under a microscope.
- Osmosis
- The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.
- Diffusion
- The passive movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
- Control Variables
- Factors kept constant to isolate the effect of the independent variable.
- Data Table
- An organized chart for recording quantitative and qualitative observations during an experiment.
- Conclusion
- The final section of a lab report that states whether the hypothesis was supported and explains the findings using evidence.
- Replication
- Repeating an experiment multiple times or with multiple trials to confirm results and improve reliability.
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