Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards

Grade 9 · Science · Flashcards

Study mitosis and meiosis with 12 key flashcards on cell division stages, chromosome numbers, and genetic diversity.

Flashcards

Mitosis: Cell division producing 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells for growth and repair.
Meiosis: Two-stage cell division producing 4 genetically unique haploid gametes for sexual reproduction.
Diploid (2n): Cell with two complete sets of chromosomes; 46 in human somatic cells.
Haploid (1n): Cell with one set of chromosomes; 23 in human sperm and egg cells.
Prophase: First phase of mitosis/meiosis: chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle forms.
Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plate (metaphase plate); spindle fibers attach.
Anaphase: Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers.
Telophase: Nuclear envelopes reform around each set of chromosomes; chromosomes begin to decondense.
Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm that follows nuclear division; physically separates the two daughter cells.
Crossing Over: Exchange of DNA segments between homologous chromosomes in Meiosis I; major source of genetic variation.
Gamete: Haploid reproductive cell (sperm or egg) produced by meiosis; fuses during fertilization.
Sister Chromatids: Two identical copies of a chromosome joined at the centromere after DNA replication.