Chemical Bonding Flashcards

Grade 9 · Science · Flashcards

Master chemical bonding vocabulary with these 12 flashcards covering ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds.

Flashcards

Chemical Bond: A force of attraction that holds two atoms together in a compound.
Ionic Bond: Bond formed by electron transfer between a metal and a nonmetal; creates ions held by electrostatic attraction.
Covalent Bond: Bond formed by electron sharing between nonmetals.
Metallic Bond: Bonding in metals where free-flowing electrons surround positive metal ion lattice.
Octet Rule: Principle that atoms bond to reach 8 valence electrons (full outer shell).
Cation: Positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons.
Anion: Negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons.
Electronegativity: An atom's ability to attract bonding electrons; increases across a period and up a group.
Polar Covalent Bond: Covalent bond with unequal electron sharing due to electronegativity difference; creates partial charges.
Nonpolar Covalent Bond: Covalent bond with equal electron sharing; occurs between identical atoms (e.g., O₂, N₂).
Single Bond: Covalent bond sharing one pair (2 electrons), represented by a single line (–).
Double Bond: Covalent bond sharing two pairs (4 electrons), represented by a double line (=).