Energy Transformations Flashcards

Grade 9 · Science · Flashcards

Master energy concepts with these 12 flashcards on kinetic energy, potential energy, and conservation of energy.

Flashcards

Energy: The ability to do work or cause change in matter; measured in Joules (J).
Kinetic Energy (KE): Energy of motion; KE = ½mv² where m = mass and v = speed.
Potential Energy (PE): Stored energy based on position or condition (gravitational, elastic, chemical).
Gravitational PE: GPE = mgh; stored energy based on an object's height above a reference point.
Elastic PE: Energy stored in a deformed elastic object (stretched spring, compressed rubber band).
Chemical Energy: Potential energy stored in chemical bonds; released during chemical reactions.
Thermal Energy: Total kinetic energy of all particles in a substance; increases with temperature.
Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed; only converted from one form to another. Total energy in a closed system is constant.
Energy Transformation: The change of energy from one form to another (e.g., PE → KE as a ball falls).
Efficiency: (Useful output energy / total input energy) × 100%; no real machine is 100% efficient.
Joule (J): SI unit of energy; 1 J = 1 kg·m²/s²; named after James Prescott Joule.
Power: The rate of energy transfer or transformation; P = Energy/time; measured in Watts (W).