Human Anatomy Systems Flashcards
Grade 9 · Science · Flashcards
Review key organs, structures, and functions across the major human body systems.
Flashcards
- Diaphragm
- A dome-shaped muscle below the lungs; contracts to increase lung volume and draw air in during inhalation.
- Aorta
- The largest artery in the body; carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to systemic circulation.
- Synapse
- The junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit nerve impulses.
- Insulin
- A hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreatic islets; lowers blood glucose by promoting uptake into cells.
- Peristalsis
- Rhythmic, wave-like contractions of smooth muscle in the digestive tract that propel food along.
- Plasma
- The liquid component of blood (about 55%); transports blood cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
- Lymph Node
- Small glands in the lymphatic system that filter lymph fluid and contain immune cells to fight infection.
- Tendon
- Dense connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bone, transmitting the force of muscle contraction.
- Homeostasis
- The maintenance of stable internal conditions (body temperature, pH, blood sugar) through regulatory feedback loops.
- Nephron
- The microscopic functional unit of the kidney; filters blood and regulates water and electrolyte balance to form urine.
- Cerebral Cortex
- The outer layer of the cerebrum; responsible for higher cognitive functions including reasoning, language, and voluntary movement.
- Villus (pl. Villi)
- Finger-like projection on the inner wall of the small intestine that increases surface area for nutrient absorption into the bloodstream.
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