Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Grade 9 · Science · Flashcards
Review key vocabulary and processes for energy transformation in living organisms.
Flashcards
- Photosynthesis
- The process: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂; converts light energy into chemical energy in chloroplasts.
- Aerobic Respiration
- Cellular process: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ~38 ATP; requires oxygen; occurs in cytoplasm and mitochondria.
- Chloroplast
- Plant organelle containing thylakoids (light reactions) and stroma (Calvin cycle); site of photosynthesis.
- Mitochondrion
- Animal and plant organelle; matrix houses Krebs cycle, inner membrane houses ETC; site of most ATP production.
- ATP Synthase
- Enzyme embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane (and thylakoid membrane) that synthesizes ATP using proton gradients.
- Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
- A 6-carbon sugar; the primary product of photosynthesis and the primary fuel broken down in cellular respiration.
- Pyruvate
- A 3-carbon molecule produced from glucose during glycolysis; enters the mitochondria to be used in the Krebs cycle.
- NADH
- A reduced electron carrier produced during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle; donates electrons to the ETC.
- Photolysis
- The light-driven splitting of water molecules in the thylakoid, releasing electrons, protons, and oxygen gas.
- Carbon Fixation
- The Calvin cycle process of attaching atmospheric CO₂ to organic molecules (RuBP) using the enzyme RuBisCO.
- Anaerobic Respiration
- ATP production without oxygen; includes glycolysis plus fermentation; yields only 2 ATP per glucose.
- Stomata
- Tiny pores on plant leaves that allow CO₂ to enter and O₂ and water vapor to exit; regulated by guard cells.
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