Political Ideology Terms
Grade 9 · Social Studies · Flashcards
Master the key political ideologies and concepts that shaped modern governments and historical movements.
Flashcards
- Liberalism
- Political ideology emphasizing individual rights, civil liberties, democratic governance, and limited government intervention in personal life.
- Conservatism
- Political ideology that values tradition, social stability, established institutions, and gradual rather than radical change.
- Socialism
- Economic and political system where the means of production are owned collectively or by the state, aiming to reduce inequality.
- Communism
- A form of socialism (Marx/Lenin) advocating for a classless society with collective ownership of all property; the state eventually 'withers away.'
- Fascism
- Far-right authoritarian nationalism characterized by dictatorial power, suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and economy.
- Capitalism
- Economic system based on private ownership of production, free markets, and profit-driven enterprise with limited government interference.
- Democracy
- Political system in which supreme power is held by citizens, exercised directly or through elected representatives.
- Autocracy
- A political system where one person holds absolute, unlimited power over the government and its citizens.
- Anarchism
- Political philosophy advocating for the abolition of all coercive, involuntary forms of hierarchy — especially the state.
- Nationalism
- Strong identification with one's nation, emphasizing national unity, sovereignty, and sometimes the superiority of one's own nation.
- Totalitarianism
- A form of extreme authoritarianism where the government controls virtually all aspects of public and private life.
- Imperialism
- The policy of extending a nation's power by acquiring territories, colonies, or political and economic dominance over other countries.
- Marxism
- Karl Marx's theory that history is shaped by class struggle between those who own means of production (bourgeoisie) and those who labor (proletariat).
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