Computer Science Principles Flashcards

Grade 9 · Technology · Flashcards

Key vocabulary and concepts from computing fundamentals, algorithms, the internet, and digital citizenship.

Flashcards

Abstraction: Reducing complexity by focusing on essential details and hiding irrelevant implementation specifics.
Algorithm: A finite, step-by-step procedure for solving a problem, which must be precise and unambiguous.
Binary: Base-2 numeral system (0s and 1s); the fundamental representation of all digital data.
Bit: The smallest unit of digital information; either 0 or 1.
Byte: 8 bits; can represent 256 distinct values.
DNS: Domain Name System — translates domain names (e.g., google.com) into IP addresses.
IP Address: A unique numerical label identifying a device on a network (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
Protocol: A standardized set of rules for data formatting and transmission between networked devices.
Encryption: The process of encoding data so only authorized parties with the correct key can read it.
Lossless Compression: Reducing file size without discarding any data; the original can be perfectly recovered (e.g., ZIP, PNG).
Lossy Compression: Reducing file size by permanently removing some data; smaller files but reduced quality (e.g., JPEG, MP3).
Open Source: Software whose source code is freely available for anyone to view, modify, and distribute.
Phishing: A cyberattack using deceptive messages to trick users into revealing sensitive information.
Packet: A small chunk of data transmitted over a network; packets from the same message may travel different routes and are reassembled at the destination.