Database Fundamentals Flashcards

Grade 9 · Technology · Flashcards

Essential terms and concepts for understanding relational databases, SQL, and data modeling.

Flashcards

Database

An organized collection of structured data stored electronically and managed by a DBMS.

DBMS

Database Management System — software for creating, managing, and querying databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite).

Relational Model

A data model that organizes information into tables (relations) with defined relationships between them.

Table

A database object that stores data in rows and columns; represents one entity type.

Primary Key

A column (or combination) that uniquely and non-nullably identifies each row in a table.

Foreign Key

A column referencing the primary key of another table, enforcing referential integrity.

SQL

Structured Query Language — standard language for defining, querying, and manipulating relational databases.

SELECT

SQL command to retrieve data: SELECT col FROM table WHERE condition;

INSERT

SQL command to add new rows: INSERT INTO table (cols) VALUES (vals);

UPDATE

SQL command to modify existing rows: UPDATE table SET col=val WHERE condition;

DELETE

SQL command to remove rows: DELETE FROM table WHERE condition;

NULL

A marker for missing, unknown, or inapplicable data — not the same as zero or empty string.

Normalization

Organizing tables to minimize redundancy and dependency; prevents update anomalies.

Index

A database structure that speeds up row lookups; trades storage space for faster query performance.

JOIN

SQL operation that combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column (e.g., INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN).

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